What is the basic composition and working principle of the municipal circuit lighting system?

The municipal circuit lighting system is an urban lighting infrastructure composed of three parts: power supply network, lamp body and control system. Its working principle starts from the 10kV high-voltage municipal power grid. After being reduced to 380V/220V low voltage through the box-type substation, it is transmitted to each street light wiring well through underground cables. Each set of street lights is connected to the circuit through the junction box in the light pole base, and the current passes through the driving power supply (for LED street lights) or ballast (for traditional light sources) in the lamp, and finally causes the light source to emit light. Modern systems generally use intelligent controllers to receive instructions through power carrier communication (PLC) or wireless communication (Zigbee/LoRa/NB-IoT) to achieve switching, dimming and fault monitoring of single lights or groups. The entire system emphasizes safety, energy saving and reliability, and must comply with the "Urban Road Lighting Design Standards" (CJJ45) and other specifications to ensure efficient conversion and stable operation from power supply to light output.